WBV Can Treat Depression

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2018; 27(5): 645-662, PMID: 29119301 external link

Whole body vibration added to treatment as usual is effective in adolescents with depression: a partly randomized, three-armed clinical trial in inpatients.

Year: 2018

Wunram HL, Hamacher S, Hellmich M, Volk M, Janicke F, Reinhard F, Bloch W, Zimmer P, Graf C, Schonau E, Lehmkuhl G, Bender S, Fricke O
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. heidrun-lioba.wunram@uk-koeln.de.

Abstract

There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of adult major depression. With regard to adolescents, clinical trials are scarce. Due to the inherent symptoms of depression (lack of energy, low motivation to exercise), endurance training forms could be too demanding especially in the first weeks of treatment. We hypothesized that an easy-to-perform passive muscular training on a whole body vibration (WBV) device has equal anti-depressive effects compared to a cardiovascular training, both administered as add-ons to treatment as usual (TAU). Secondly, we presumed that both exercise interventions would be superior in their response, compared to TAU. In 2 years 64 medication-naive depressed inpatients aged 13-18, were included. Both exercise groups fulfilled a supervised vigorous training for 6 weeks. Depressive symptoms were assessed by self-report (“Depressions Inventar fur Kinder und Jugendliche”-DIKJ) before intervention and after weeks 6, 14 and 26. Compared to TAU, both groups responded earlier and more strongly measured by DIKJ scores, showing a trend for the WBV group after week 6 (p = 0.082). The decrease became statistically significant for both intervention groups after week 26 (p = 0.037 for ergometer and p = 0.042 for WBV). Remission rates amounted to 39.7% after week 6 and 66% after week 26, compared to 25% after week 26 in TAU. These results provide qualified support for the effectiveness of exercise as add-on treatment for medication-naive depressed adolescents. The present results are limited by the not randomized control group.

Keywords: UniReha, Cologne Concept, Depression
GID: 4552; Last update: 14.11.2017

WBV Impact on Depressed Adolescent Inpatients

Trials, 2018; 19(1): 347, PMID: 29970142 external link

Effects of a 6-week, whole-body vibration strength-training on depression symptoms, endocrinological and neurobiological parameters in adolescent inpatients experiencing a major depressive episode (the “Balancing Vibrations Study”): study protocol for a randomized placebo controlled trial

Year: 2018

Oberste M, Grossheinrich N, Wunram HL, Graf JL, Ziemendorff A, Meinhardt A, Fricke O, Mahabir E, Bender S
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Strasse 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany. max.oberste-frielinghaus@uk-koeln.de.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Moderate to vigorous endurance and strength-training exercise was suggested as a treatment option for major depression. However, there is little evidence to support this suggestion in adolescent patients. The present study investigates the effects of a whole-body vibration strength-training intervention on symptoms in medication-naive adolescent inpatients experiencing a major depressive episode. Potential underlying endocrinological and neurobiological mechanisms are explored. METHODS/DESIGN: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial is conducted at the University Hospital of Cologne in Germany, comparing a 6-week, whole-body vibration strength-training with a 6-week placebo-intervention, as add-on therapy to inpatient treatment as usual. Forty-one subjects (13-18 years of age) will be included in each of the two groups. The study is powered to detect (alpha = .05, beta = .2) a medium effect size difference between the two groups (d = .5) in terms of patients” change in the Children”s Depression Rating Scale raw-score, from baseline until the end of the intervention. As secondary endpoints, the effects of exercise treatment on patients” cortisol awakening response as well as on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) serum levels will be assessed. DISCUSSION: This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of whole-body vibration strength-training as an add-on therapy in adolescent inpatients experiencing a major depressive episode. After completion of data collection, the present study will be the largest randomized controlled trial so far to investigate the effectiveness of an exercise intervention in inpatient adolescents suffering from a major depressive episode. Moreover, the present study may help to determine the underlying mechanisms of potential anti-depressant effects of exercise in depressed adolescent inpatients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00011772 . Registered on 20 March 2017.

Keywords: Depression
GID: 4721; Last update: 09.07.2018

Reduces Post-activation in Triceps Surae Muscle

Hum Mov Sci, 2020; 72(): 102655, PMID: 32721374 external link

Acute whole-body vibration reduces post-activation depression in the triceps surae muscle.

Year: 2020

Krause A, Gollhofer A, Lee K, Freyler K, Becker T, Kurz A, Ritzmann R
Institute of Training and Computer Science in Sport, German Sport University Cologne, Germany, Am Sportpark Mungersdorf 6, 50933 Koln; Department for Sports and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Germany, Schwarzwaldstrasse 175, 79117 Freiburg i.Br.

Abstract

PURPOSE: Acute whole-body vibration (WBV) is known to enhance neuromuscular activation. Especially mechanisms which act presynaptically are discussed to be involved in this modulation, but evidence is still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if 2 min of WBV might impact the premotoneuronal mechanism of post-activation depression (PAD). METHODS: PAD in m. soleus was assessed by paired-pulse stimulation in 28 healthy participants prior, 2 min, 4 min and 10 min after 2 min of side-alternating WBV (10 Hz, 2 mm). Methodologies involved electromyography (m. soleus, m. tibialis anterior) and goniometric recordings (ankle, knee joint). H-reflexes were elicited with peripheral nerve stimulation and assessed by means of conditioned H-reflexes (ISI 1 s, Hcond) versus control H-reflexes (ISI10, H). RESULTS: Hcond/H was significantly enhanced by +55% (2 min), +32% (4 min) and +35% (10 min) following WBV (P < 0.05). Baseline muscle activity and joint positions were shown to be reliable (Cronbach”s alpha values >0.990) throughout the testing procedure. CONCLUSION: Vibratory-induced spinal inhibition is accompanied by diminished PAD at the presynaptic terminals which interconnect the Ia afferents with the alpha-motoneuron. Functionally, the PAD reduction might explain enhanced motor performance following vibration therapy, but future studies will be needed to verify this assumption.

GID: 5178; Last update: 24.08.2020

Physical Exercise Effect on Depression

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021; 18(12): , PMID: 34204400 external link

Immunological Effects of an Add-On Physical Exercise Therapy in Depressed Adolescents and Its Interplay with Depression Severity.

Year: 2021

Wunram HL, Oberste M, Hamacher S, Neufang S, Grote N, Krischer MK, Bloch W, Schonau E, Bender S, Fricke O
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) have gained attention in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive disorders. At the same time, the therapeutic effect of physical activity seems to work via immunomodulatory pathways. The interventional study “Mood Vibes” analyzed the influence of exercise on depression severity (primary endpoint) in depressive adolescents; the influence of PICs on the clinical outcome was analyzed as a secondary endpoint. METHODS: Clinically diagnosed depressed adolescents (N = 64; 28.1% male; mean age = 15.9; mean BMI = 24.6) were included and participated either in Whole Body Vibration (WBV) (n = 21) or bicycle ergometer training (n = 20) in addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Patients in the control treatment group received TAU only (n = 23). The PICs (interleukin-6-IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-TNF-alpha) were analyzed before intervention, after 6 weeks of training (t1), and 8 weeks post-intervention (t2). The effects of the treatment on depression severity were rated by self-rating “Depression Inventory for Children and Adolescents” (DIKJ). RESULTS: Basal IL-6 decreased in all groups from t0 to t1, but it increased again in WBV and controls at t2. TNF-alpha diminished in ergometer and controls from baseline to t1. PIC levels showed no correlation with depression severity at baseline. The influence on DIKJ scores over time was significant for IL-6 in the WBV group (p = 0.008). Sex had an impact on TNF-alpha (p < 0.001), with higher concentrations in male patients. Higher body mass index was associated with higher IL-6 concentrations over all measurement points (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The positive effects of an intensive add-on exercise therapy on adolescent depression seem to be partly influenced by immunomodulation. A small sample size and non-randomized controls are limitations of this study.

GID: 5467; Last update: 05.07.2021

Treating of adolescent depression

Physiol Behav, 2021; (): 113596, PMID: 34536433 external link

Differential effects of ergometer-cycling and Whole-Body-Vibration training on serological BDNF and IGF-1 in the treatment of adolescent depression – is there an impact of BDNF-p.Val66Met variants?

Year: 2021

Wunram HL, Oberste M, Ziemendorff A, Hamacher S, Kapanci T, Heller R, Blick S, Bloch W, Clajus TC, Schonau E, Bender S, Fricke O
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Electronic address: heidrun.wunram@uk-koeln.de.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pathogenesis and treatment of adolescent depression may be influenced by growth-factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We investigated, if treatment response to two different add-on exercise-therapies in juvenile depression, differ in the changes of BDNF and IGF-1 serology. A subgroup analysis for genetic variations in BDNF p.Val66Met-variants was added. METHODS: Included subjects in the study (N=64), aged 13 to 17 years, were diagnosed with major depression, controls received inpatient treatment as usual (TAU). Intervention groups performed as add-on to TAU two different forms of exercise-therapy: endurance ergometer cycling (EC) and muscle strengthening whole body vibration (WBV). We expected both exercise-forms to increase BDNF and IGF-1 serology and by this pathway to improve depression scores significantly stronger than the control group. RESULTS: None of the experimental groups showed significant changes in BDNF between measurement time points. However, after 6 weeks exercise, BDNF of both intervention groups were significantly higher compared to TAU,. The IGF-1 increase after 6 weeks intervention was significant for EC only. No correlations of BDNF and IGF-1 to depression scores were found. Group analysis in BDNF p.Val66Met variants showed a trend for better response in depression scores to exercise-treatment for the Val66Val group. LIMITATIONS: A small sample size, the non-randomized controls and the neglect of psychosocial factors have to be considered as limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Endurance and muscle strengthening trainings seem to influence serological BDNF and IGF-1 differentially. However, the changes in growth factors did not correlate to the decreases in depression scores. BDNF p.Val66Val variant seems to be more receptive for exercise treatment. Identifying biomarkers (growth factors, genetic variants) in adolescent depression could help to develop tailored treatment strategies.

GID: 5548; Last update: 21.09.2021

Osteoporosis Prevention

Increasingly, WBV studies are focusing on older adults.   Although evidence is overwhelming that physical exercise positively affects muscle strength at all ages, compliance of older persons with traditional exercise programs has generally been low, and only a small percentage of older persons exercise regularly.

MUSCLE POWER, the capacity of muscles to produce work in the environment, declines significantly over the life span. In women, the rate of decline accelerates after menopause and leads to reduction in physical functioning.  Improvement of muscle power and balance in the aging population reduces the risk of falls.

Osteoporosis is characterized by the loss of bone mass and strength and thus causes an increased fracture risk. Fracture prevention in the form of successful fall-prevention is therefore the key objective in the prevention of osteoporosis. Improvement of muscle strength and power enables the muscles to be coordinated and to react faster thus providing effective protection to prevent falls in daily life.

Side-alternating vibration exercises are an intervention for the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis.  Used at high frequency (28 Hz) and very-low-magnitude (0.3g) vibration exercise has recently been reported to increase bone mass in experimental animals and in humans.

The high-frequency postural displacements induced by the alternating movements of the platform produce reflex muscle contractions aimed at stabilizing posture.  Thus, vibration can be viewed as a special form of muscle training that may particularly affect muscle power.  The force applied to bone during muscle contraction has a pivotal role in the homeostatic and adaptive regulation of bone strength.

Condition effects:

  • Improved Muscle Strength and Tone
  • Improved Balance and Reduced Fall Risk
  • Improved Blood Circulation and Lymphatic Mobility
  • Increased Bone Density
  • Hormone Balancing
  • Improved Flexibility
  • Reduced Low Back Pain

Studies – Osteoporosis

Study Summaries:

  • 12-week intervention, the WBV group experienced a 2.2% increase in BMD at the lateral spine (p=0.013) while the control group decreased 1.7%. These preliminary results suggest that WBV with resistance exercise is a potential training method that can be used to increase BMD, and thereby lower future risk of osteoporosis. (ACSM Annual Meeting, 2011)
  • Increased bone density, postural control, balance and mobility in the aging population. (The Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2004, and Gait & Posture 2007)
  • Vibration training is assumed to stimulate bone-tissue maintenance through the pull of the tensed muscles on the underlying bones. Bed Rest Study Berlin. ESA Human Spaceflight, European Space Agency, 2003.
  • Acute Physiological Effects of Training with Galileo: Considering the comparatively mild cardiovascular and respiratory effects and the marked muscular fatigue, we conclude, that training with Galileo may be a promising issue in the therapy of bone mineral loss in the elderly. (J. Rittweger, et al; Osteoporosis Int.1998)

CP Scientific Review

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018 Jun 18;14:1607-1625. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S152543. eCollection 2018.

Vibration therapy in patients with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

Ritzmann R1, Stark C2,3, Krause A4.

Abstract

The neurological disorder cerebral palsy (CP) is caused by unprogressive lesions of the immature brain and affects movement, posture, and the musculoskeletal system. Vibration therapy (VT) is increasingly used to reduce the signs and symptoms associated with this developmental disability.

The purpose of this narrative review was systematically to appraise published research regarding acute and long-term effects of VT on functional, neuromuscular, and structural parameters. Systematic searches of three electronic databases identified 28 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria.

Studies were analyzed to determine participant characteristics, VT-treatment protocols, effect on gross motor function (GMF), strength, gait, posture, mobility, spasticity, reflex excitability, muscle tone, mass, and bone strength within this population, and outcome measures used to evaluate effects.

The results revealed that one acute session of VT reduces reflex excitability, spasticity, and coordination deficits. Subsequently, VT has a positive effect on the ability to move, manifested for GMF, strength, gait, and mobility in patients with CP. Effects persist up to 30 minutes after VT. Long-term effects of VT manifest as reduced muscle tone and spasticity occurring concomitantly with improved movement ability in regard to GMF, strength, gait, and mobility, as well as increased muscle mass and bone-mineral density. Posture control remained unaffected by VT.

In conclusion, the acute and chronic application of VT as a non-pharmacological approach has the potential to ameliorate CP symptoms, achieving functional and structural adaptations associated with significant improvements in daily living.

Even though further studies including adult populations validating the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned adaptations should be fostered, growing scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of VT in regard to supplementing conventional treatments (physiotherapy and drugs).

Therefore, VT could reduce CP-associated physical disability and sensorimotor handicaps. Goals for patients and their caregivers referring to greater independence and improved safety may be achieved more easily and time efficiently.

PMID: 29950843 PMCID: PMC6018484 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S152543

Upper Body (UE) Improvement after Stroke

Occup Ther Int. 2019 Apr 1;2019:5820952. doi: 10.1155/2019/5820952. eCollection 2019.

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration on Upper Extremity Function and Grip Strength in Patients with Subacute Stroke: A Randomised Single-Blind Controlled Trial.

Ahn JY1, Kim H1, Park CB2,3.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Whole-body vibration has been used to improve motor function in chronic stroke patients, but its effect on patients with subacute strokes remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: We explored the effect of whole-body vibration on patients with subacute strokes.

METHODS: Participants were randomly allocated to a whole-body vibration (WBV) group (n = 30) or an upper– and lower-cycle (ULC) group (n = 30). Both groups received occupational therapy after these interventions. All participants received treatment for 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Both groups received the same conventional physical therapy.

RESULTS: The manual function test (MFT) score and grip strength improved after both WBV (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and ULC (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively), but the improvement was more pronounced (MFT p = 0.016; GS p = 0.023) after WBV.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the use of WBV and ULC was effective as remedial treatments for improving upper extremity motor function and increasing grip strength for patients with subacute strokes. The improvement was more pronounced for the WBV treatment. This trial is registered with KCT0003246.

PMID: 31065236 PMCID:  PMC6466864 DOI:  10.1155/2019/5820952

Peds Cancer Treatment

Whole-Body Vibration Training Designed to Improve Functional Impairments After Pediatric Inpatient Anticancer Therapy: A Pilot Study

Rustler, Vanessa, MA; Prokop, Aram, MD; Baumann, Freerk T., PhD; Streckmann, Fiona, PhD; Bloch, Wilhelm, MD; Daeggelmann, Julia, PhD

Pediatric Physical Therapy:

October 2018 – Volume 30 – Issue 4 – p 341–349

doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000536 RESEARCH REPORTS

Abstract 

Purpose: To assess a whole-body vibration (WBV) intervention for children after cancer treatment.

Methods: Eleven children after inpatient anticancer therapy participated in a 12-week supervised WBV intervention, which consisted of one 9- to 13-minute WBV session per week, with 5 to 9 minutes’ overall vibration time. Feasibility was defined as the ability to participate in WBV training without reporting adverse events. The number of offered and completed training sessions, program acceptance, and measures of function were assessed.

Results: Nine participants completed the WBV intervention without any WBV-related adverse events. The adherence rate was 87.96%. Only minor side effects were reported and there was general program acceptance. We found indications that WBV has positive effects on knee extensor strength and active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.

Conclusions: WBV was feasible, safe, and well received among children after inpatient anticancer therapy. No health deteriorations were observed. Positive effects need to be confirmed in future trials

Copyright © 2018 Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy of the American Physical Therapy Association

Galileo Reduces Upper-Limb Dysfunction & Fatigue

Integr Cancer Ther. 2018 Apr 1:1534735418766615. [Epub ahead of print]

Results From a PilotStudyof Handheld Vibration: Exercise Intervention Reduces Upper-Limb Dysfunction and Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: VibBRaStudy.

Kneis S, Wehrle A, Ilaender A, Volegova-Neher N, Gollhofer A, Bertz H.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

Although there is evidence that breastcancerpatientsbenefit from exercising during treatment, exercising during radiotherapyand especially the effects on upper-limbdysfunctions have been infrequently assessed. Therefore, we primarily aimed to confirm our interventions’ feasibility and secondarily aimed to affect upper-limbdysfunctions and fatigue.

METHODS:

Twenty-twobreastcancerpatientsscheduled for radiotherapywere allocated to an intervention(IG) or a passive control group (CG) as they preferred. IG exercised 3×/week during 6 weeks of radiotherapy: cycling endurance, handheldvibration, and balance training. We documented adverse events and training compliance (feasibility) and assessed the range of shoulder motion (ROM), isometric hand grip strength, vibrationsense on the first metacarpophalangeal joint of the affected upper limb, and fatigue.

RESULTS:

We observed no adverse events and a training compliance of 98 %. IG’s ROM improved significantly (abduction: 11°; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5 to 20; external rotation: 5°, 95% CI 0 to 10), as did the hand grip strength (1.6 kg, 95% CI -0.6 to 3.1), while CG’s ROM did not change

CG’svibrationsense worsened (-1.0 points, 95% CI -1.5 to -0.5), while IG’s remained stable.

Changes in general fatiguelevels between IG (-2.0 points, 95% CI -3.0 to -1.0) and CG (0.5 points, 95% CI -1.0 to 4.5) revealed significant differences ( P = .008)

CONCLUSIONS:

Ourinterventionproved to be feasible and provides novel findings: it reduced fatiguelevels and interestingly, handheldvibrationexercises improved upper-limbfunction due to shoulder ROM, hand grip strength, and vibrationsense.

PMID: 29661032 DOI: 10.1177/1534735418766615

Improved Blood Flow & Nitric Oxide Production

All Thesis and Dissertations. Paper 4120., 2013;

The Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Skin Blood Flow and Nitric Oxide Production

Johnson, Paula K.
Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University

Abstract

Background: Vascular dysfunction due to hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes is a
factor contributing to distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a powerful vasodilator, resulting in reduced
circulation and nerve ischemia. Increases in blood NO concentrations and circulation have been
attributed to whole body vibration (WBV). The purpose of this study was to the determine the
effects of low frequency, low amplitude WBV on whole blood NO concentration and skin blood
flow (SBF) in individuals with symptoms of DSP.
Research Design and Methods: Ten subjects with diabetes and impaired sensory
perception in the lower limbs participated in this cross-over study. Each submitted to two
treatment conditions, WBV and sham, with a one-week washout period between. Blood draws
for NO analysis and Doppler laser image scans of SBF were performed before, immediately after
and following a 5-minute recovery of each the treatments.
Results: Low frequency, low amplitude WBV vibration significantly increased skin blood
flow compared to the sham condition (F2,18=5.82, p=0.0115). Whole blood nitric oxide
concentrations did not differ between the WBV and sham condition immediately or 5 minutes
post-treatment (F2,18=1.88, p=0.1813)
Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that subjects with diabetes respond to whole
body vibration with increased skin blood flow compared to sham condition. The implication is
that WBV is a potential non-pharmacological therapy for neurovascular complications of
diabetes.

Cellular and Humoral Immunological Parameters.

Cell Mol Immunol, 2015; 12(4): 483-92, PMID: 25382740 external link

Effects of 60-day bed rest with and without exercise on cellular and humoral immunological parameters.

Hoff P, Belavy DL, Huscher D, Lang A, Hahne M, Kuhlmey AK, Maschmeyer P, Armbrecht G, Fitzner R, Perschel FH, Gaber T, Burmester GR, Straub RH, Felsenberg D, Buttgereit F
1] Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany [2] Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany [3] Berlin-Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.

Abstract

Purpose: Exercise at regular intervals is assumed to have a positive effect on immune functions. Conversely, after spaceflight and under simulated weightlessness (e.g., bed rest), immune functions can be suppressed. We aimed to assess the effects of simulated weightlessness (Second Berlin BedRest Study; BBR2-2) on immunological parameters and to investigate the effect of exercise (resistive exercise with and without vibration) on these changes.

Method: Twenty-four physically and mentally healthy male volunteers (20-45 years) performed resistive vibration exercise (n=7), resistance exercise without vibration (n=8) or no exercise (n=9) within 60 days of bed rest. Blood samples were taken 2 days before bed rest, on days 19 and 60 of bed rest. Composition of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines and neuroendocrine parameters were analyzed by Luminex technology and ELISA/RIA in plasma.

General changes over time were identified by paired t-test, and exercise-dependent effects by pairwise repeated measurements (analysis of variance (ANOVA)). With all subjects pooled, the number of granulocytes, natural killer T cells, hematopoietic stem cells and CD45RA and CD25 co-expressing T cells increased and the number of monocytes decreased significantly during the study; the concentration of eotaxin decreased significantly. Different impacts of exercise were seen for lymphocytes, B cells, especially the IgD(+) subpopulation of B cells and the concentrations of IP-10, RANTES and DHEA-S.

Results: We conclude that prolonged bed rest significantly impacts immune cell populations and cytokine concentrations. Exercise was able to specifically influence different immunological parameters.

Conclusion: In summary, our data fit the hypothesis of immunoprotection by exercise and may point toward even superior effects by resistive vibration exercise.

Reduce Muscle Soreness and Enhance Muscle Recovery.

J Phys Ther Sci, 2016; 28(6): 1781-5, PMID: 27390415 external link

Effects of whole-body vibration after eccentric exercise on muscle soreness and muscle strength recovery.

Timon R, Tejero J, Brazo-Sayavera J, Crespo C, Olcina G
Department of Physical Education and Sport, Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Extremadura, Spain.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not a single whole-body vibration treatment after eccentric exercise can reduce muscle soreness and enhance muscle recovery.

Subjects and Methods: Twenty untrained participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a vibration group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Participants performed eccentric quadriceps training of 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 120% 1RM, with 4 min rest between sets. After that, the vibration group received 3 sets of 1 min whole body vibration (12 Hz, 4 mm) with 30 s of passive recovery between sets. Serum creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, muscle soreness (visual analog scale) and muscle strength (peak isometric torque) were assessed.

Results: Creatine kinase was lower in the vibration group than in the control group at 24 h (200.2 +/- 8.2 vs. 300.5 +/- 26.1 U/L) and at 48 h (175.2 +/- 12.5 vs. 285.2 +/- 19.7 U/L) post-exercise. Muscle soreness decreased in vibration group compared to control group at 48 h post-exercise (34.1 +/- 11.4 vs. 65.2 +/- 13.2 mm).

Conclusion: Single whole-body vibration treatment after eccentric exercise reduced delayed onset muscle soreness but it did not affect muscle strength recovery.

Acute Corticospinal and Spinal Modulation

J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 2016; 16(4): 327-338, PMID: 27973385 external link

Acute corticospinal and spinal modulation after whole body vibration.

Krause A, Gollhofer A, Freyler K, Jablonka L, Ritzmann R
Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate neural effects of acute whole body vibration (WBV) on lower limb muscles regarding corticospinal and spinal excitability.

METHODS: In 44 healthy subjects (16 f/ 28 m), motor evoked potentials (MEP) and H-reflexes in m. soleus (SOL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were elicited before (t1), immediately after (t2), 2 (t3), 4 (t4) and 10 min after (t5) WBV.

RESULTS: After WBV, MEP amplitudes were significantly increased in SOL (t2+15+/-30%, t3+22+/-32%, t4+15+/-35%, t5+20+/-30%, P<0.05), but not in GM (t2+32+/-62%, t3+9+/-35%, t4+8+/-36%, t5+22+/-47%; P=0.07). Contrarily, H-reflexes were significantly reduced in SOL (t2-19+/-28%, t3-21+/-22%, t4-20+/-21%, t5-14+/-28%, P<0.05) and GM (t2-14+/-37%, t3-16+/-25%, t4-18+/-29%, t5-16+/-28%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: A temporary sustained enhancement of corticospinal excitability concomitant with spinal inhibition after WBV points towards persisting neural modulation in the central nervous system. This could indicate greater neural modulation over M1 and descending pathways, while the contribution of spinal pathways is reduced.

Improved BMD in Postmenopausal Women

PLoS One, 2016; 11(12): e0166774, PMID: 27907000 external link

Whole Body Vibration Treatments in Postmenopausal Women Can Improve Bone Mineral Density: Results of a Stimulus Focussed Meta-Analysis.

Fratini A, Bonci T, Bull AM
School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Whole body vibration treatment is a non-pharmacological intervention intended to stimulate muscular response and increase bone mineral density, particularly for postmenopausal women. The literature related to this topic is controversial, heterogeneous, and unclear despite the prospect of a major clinical effect.

The aim of this study was to identify and systematically review the literature to assess the effect of whole body vibration treatments on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with a specific focus on the experimental factors that influence the stimulus.

Nine studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including 527 postmenopausal women and different vibration delivery designs. Cumulative dose, amplitudes and frequency of treatments as well as subject posture during treatment vary widely among studies. Some of the studies included an associated exercise training regime. Both randomized and controlled clinical trials were included.

Whole body vibration was shown to produce significant BMD improvements on the hip and spine when compared to no intervention. Conversely, treatment associated with exercise training resulted in negligible outcomes when compared to exercise training or to placebo. Moreover, side-alternating platforms were more effective in improving BMD values than synchronous platforms and mechanical oscillations of magnitude higher than 3 g and/or frequency lower than 25 Hz were also found to be effective. Treatments with a cumulative dose over 1000 minutes in the follow-up period were correlated to positive outcomes.

Our conclusion is that whole body vibration treatments in elderly women can reduce BMD decline.However, many factors (e.g., amplitude, frequency and subject posture) affect the capacity of the vibrations to propagate to the target site; the adequate level of stimulation required to produce these effects has not yet been defined. Further biomechanical analyses to predict the propagation of the vibration waves along the body and assess the stimulation levels are required.

Muscle Histology Changes

Acta Myol, 2016; 34(2-3): 133-8, PMID: 27199541 external link

Muscle histology changes after short term vibration training in healthy controls

Schoser B
Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Klinikum der Universitat Munchen, Germany.

Abstract

Purpose: In search for additional counter measures of muscle atrophy vibration exercise training may have substantial effort for patients with neuromuscular disorders. To cover safety aspects and obtain muscle morphology data, a pilot study was performed in eleven healthy men.

Method: Countermovement jump, squat jump, drop jump and one repetition maximum test (1RM) were performed on a force platform before and after a 6 week training period. No severe side effects were found.

Results: Repeated needle muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle revealed a selective pre- to post-training type-2 myofiber hypertrophy of up to 50 %. The hypertrophy factors were 160 and 310, for type-2 myofibers. The mechanography system showed a significant increase in the 1RM maximum weight lifted (pre: 111,8 kg +/- 11,5; post: 140,9 kg +/- 13,00; p < 0,001).

Conclusion: Vibration exercise is a safe and effective technique which desires further approval as counter measure in different types of neuromuscular atrophy.

Prevent ICU – Acquired Weakness

Critical Care, DOI 10.1186, 2017; 21/9: 1-10

Whole-body vibration to prevent intensive care unit-acquired weakness: safety, feasibility, and metabolic response

Wollersheim T, Haas K, Wolf S, Mai K, Spies C, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Wernecke KD, Spranger J, Weber-Carstens S
Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow Klinikum and Campus Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin 13353, Germany

Abstract
Background:  Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness in critically ill patients is a common and significant complication affecting the course of critical illness. Whole-body vibration is known to be effective muscle training and may be an option in diminishing weakness and muscle wasting. Especially, patients who are immobilized and not available for active physiotherapy may benefit. Until now whole-body vibration was not investigated in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. We investigated the safety, feasibility, and metabolic response of whole-body vibration in critically ill patients.

Methods: We investigated 19 mechanically ventilated, immobilized ICU patients. Passive range of motion was performed prior to whole-body vibration therapy held in the supine position for 15 minutes. Continuous monitoring of vital signs, hemodynamics, and energy metabolism, as well as intermittent blood sampling, took place from the start of baseline measurements up to 1 hour post intervention. We performed comparative longitudinal analysis of the phases before, during, and after intervention.

Results:  Vital signs and hemodynamic parameters remained stable with only minor changes resulting from the intervention. No application had to be interrupted. We did not observe any adverse event. Whole-body vibration did not significantly and/or clinically change vital signs and hemodynamics. A significant increase in energy expenditure during whole-body vibration could be observed.

Conclusions:  In our study the application of whole-body vibration was safe and feasible. The technique leads to increased energy expenditure. This may offer the chance to treat patients in the ICU with whole-body vibration. Further investigations should focus on the efficacy of whole-body vibration in the prevention of ICU-acquired weakness.

3 Weeks of WBV Improved Ankle JPS & Gait Variables

Physiother Can, 2016; 68(2): 99-105, PMID: 27909356 external link

Effects of Three Weeks of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Joint-Position Sense, Balance, and Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Ko MS, Sim YJ, Kim DH, Jeon HS
Department of Physical Therapy, The Graduate School, Yonsei University; Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Woosong University, Daejeon.

Abstract

Purpose: To observe the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training in conjunction with conventional physical therapy (PT) on joint-position sense (JPS), balance, and gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: In this randomized controlled study, 24 children with CP were randomly selected either to continue their conventional PT or to receive WBV in conjunction with their conventional PT programme. Exposure to the intervention was intermittent (3 min WBV, 3 min rest) for 20 minutes, twice weekly for 3 weeks. JPS, balance, and gait were evaluated before and after treatment.

Results: Ankle JPS was improved after 3 weeks of WBV training (p=0.014). Participants in the WBV group showed greater improvements in speed (F1,21=5.221, p=0.035) and step width (F1,21=4.487, p=0.039) than participants in the conventional PT group.

Conclusion: Three weeks of WBV training was effective in improving ankle JPS and gait variables in children with CP.

Balance and Gait Function after Stroke

J Phys Ther Sci, 2016; 28(11): 3149-3152, PMID: 27942138 external link

The effects of visual control whole body vibration exercise on balance and gait function of stroke patients.

Choi ET, Kim YN, Cho WS, Lee DK
Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Nambu University, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to verify the effects of visual control whole body vibration exercise on balance and gait function of stroke patients.

Subjects and Methods: A total of 22 stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups; 11 to the experimental group and 11 to the control group. Both groups received 30 minutes of Neuro-developmental treatment 5 times per week for 4 weeks. The experimental group additionally performed 10 minutes of visual control whole body vibration exercise 5 times per week during the 4 weeks. Balance was measured using the Functional Reach Test. Gait was measured using the Timed Up and Go Test.

Results: An in-group comparison in the experimental group showed significant differences in the Functional Reach Test and Timed Up and Go Test. In comparing the groups, the Functional Reach Test and Timed Up and Go Test of the experimental group were more significantly different compared to the control group.

Conclusion: These results suggest that visual control whole body vibration exercise has a positive effect on the balance and gait function of stroke patients.

Galileo Improves Exercise Capacity in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Heart, 2017; (): , PMID: 28100544 external link

Oscillatory whole-body vibration improves exercise capacity and physical performance in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomised clinical study.

Gerhardt F, Dumitrescu D, Gartner C, Beccard R, Viethen T, Kramer T, Baldus S, Hellmich M, Schonau E, Rosenkranz S
Klinik III fur Innere Medizin, Herzzentrum der Universitat zu Koln, Cologne, Germany.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), supportive therapies may be beneficial in addition to targeted medical treatment. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of oscillatory whole-body vibration (WBV) in patients on stable PAH therapy.

METHODS: Twenty-two patients with PAH (mean PAP>/=25 mm Hg and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP)</=15 mm Hg) who were in world health organization (WHO)-Functional Class II or III and on stable PAH therapy for>/=3 months, were randomised to receive WBV (16 sessions of 1-hour duration within 4 weeks) or to a control group, that subsequently received WBV. Follow-up measures included the 6-min walking distance (6MWD), cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), echocardiography, muscle-power, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL; SF-36 and LPH questionnaires).

RESULTS: When compared to the control group, patients receiving WBV exhibited a significant improvement in the primary endpoint, the 6MWD (+35.4+/-10.9 vs -4.4+/-7.6 m), resulting in a net benefit of 39.7+/-7.8 m (p=0.004). WBV was also associated with substantial improvements in CPET variables, muscle power, and HRQoL. The combined analysis of all patients (n=22) indicated significant net improvements versus baseline in the 6MWD (+38.6 m), peakVO2 (+65.7 mL/min), anaerobic threshold (+40.9 mL VO2/min), muscle power (+4.4%), and HRQoL (SF-36 +9.7, LPH -11.5 points) (all p<0.05). WBV was well tolerated in all patients, and no procedure-related severe adverse events (SAEs) occurred.

CONCLUSIONS: WBV substantially improves exercise capacity, physical performance, and HRQoL in patients with PAH who are on stable targeted therapy. This methodology may be utilised in structured training programmes, and may be feasible for continuous long-term physical exercise in these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01763112; Results.

Res Gerontol Nurs, 2017; 10(1): 17-24, PMID: 28112354 external link

Muscle Mechanography: A Novel Method to Measure Muscle Function in Older Adults.

Taani MH, Kovach CR, Buehring B

Abstract

Muscle function decline is a commonly observed process that occurs with aging. Low muscle function, an essential component of sarcopenia, is associated with negative outcomes, including falls, fractures, and dependency. Although many tools have been developed and are used to assess muscle function in older adults, most have important limitations.

Muscle mechanography is a novel method that can quantitatively assess muscle function by performing movements such as heel raises, chair rises, or jumps on a ground reaction force plate. It can also assess balance by measuring sway of the center of pressure.

Muscle mechanography promises to have advantages over currently used tools, appears to have better reproducibility, and can assess a broader range of physical function-from master athletes to frail individuals.

Older adults can safely perform muscle mechanography measurements. Further research is needed to determine whether muscle mechanography can predict outcomes such as falls, fractures, and mortality. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2017; 10(1):17-24.].

Chemotherapy-related Peripheral Neuropathy

Exp Hematol Oncol, 2017; 6(): 5, PMID: 28194306 external link

A randomized exploratory phase 2 study in patients with chemotherapy-related peripheral neuropathy evaluating whole-body vibration training as adjunct to an integrated program including massage, passive mobilization and physical exercises.

Schonsteiner SS, Bauder Missbach H, Benner A, Mack S, Hamel T, Orth M, Landwehrmeyer B, Sussmuth SD, Geitner C, Mayer-Steinacker R, Riester A, Prokein A, Erhardt E, Kunecki J, Eisenschink AM, Rawer R, Dohner H, Kirchner E, Schlenk RF
grid.410712.1Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN) is a common toxicity after chemotherapy, immunomodulatory drugs or proteasome inhibitors, which is difficult to treat and may also have impact on quality of life. The objective of the study was to evaluate whole-body vibration (WBV) on the background of an integrated program (IP) including massage, passive mobilization and physical exercises on CIPN.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In an exploratory phase-2 study patients with CIPN (NCI CTC grade 2/3) were randomized for WBV plus IP (experimental) to IP alone (standard). 15 training sessions within 15 weeks were intended. As primary endpoint we used chair-rising test (CRT) to assess physical fitness and coordination. In addition, locomotor and neurological tests and self-assessment tools were performed.

RESULTS: A total 131 patients with CIPN were randomized (standard, n = 65; experimental, n = 66). The median age was 60 (range 24-71) years; 44 patients had haematological neoplasms and 87 solid tumors. At baseline, all patients presented with an abnormal CRT. Fifteen (standard) and 22 (experimental) patients left the program due to progression/relapse or concomitant disease. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with normal CRT (<10 s) at follow up between experimental (68%) and standard (56%) (p = 0.20). All patients experienced less symptoms and pain (p < 0.001) and had improved CRT (p < 0.001) over time. WBV was significantly associated with a higher reduction of time needed for CRT (p = 0.02) and significantly improved warm-detection-threshold comparing baseline to follow-up assessment (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION: Whole-body vibration on the background of an IP may improve physical fitness and coordination in patients suffering from CIPN. Trial registration Retrospectively registered at http://www.iscrtn.com (ISRCTN 51361937) and http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02846844).

Cardiopulmonary response during severe COPD

ERJ Open Res, 2017; 3:00101-2016:

Cardiopulmonary response during whole-body vibration training in patients with severe COPD

Gloeckl R, Richter P, Winterkamp S, et al.
Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany. 2Dept of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Muni

Abstract

Background: Several studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have shown
that whole-body vibration training (WBVT) has beneficial effects on exercise capacity. However, the acute cardiopulmonary demand during WBVT remains unknown and was therefore investigated in this study.

Method: Ten patients with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s: 38}8% predicted) were examined on two consecutive days. On day one, symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on a cycle ergometer. The next day, six bouts of repeated squat exercises were performed in random order for one, two or three minutes either with or without WBVT while metabolic demands were simultaneously measured.

Results: Squat exercises with or without WBVT induced comparable ventilatory efficiency (minute ventilation (VE)/carbon dioxide production (VŒCO2): 38.0}4.4 with WBVT versus 37.4}4.1 without, p=0.236). Oxygen uptake after 3 min of squat exercises increased from 339}40 mLEmin.1 to 1060}160 mLEmin.1 with WBVT and 988}124 mL min.1 without WBV (p=0.093). However, there were no significant differences between squat exercises with and without WBVT in oxygen saturation (90}4% versus 90}4%, p=0.068), heart rate (109}13 bpm versus 110}15 bpm, p=0.513) or dyspnoea (Borg scale 5}2 versus 5}2, p=0.279).

Conclusion: Combining squat exercises with WBVT induced a similar cardiopulmonary response in patients with severe COPD compared to squat exercises without WBVT. Bearing in mind the small sample size, WBVT might be a feasible and safe exercise modality even in patients with severe COPD.

Benefits of WBV with COPD

Respiratory Medicine, 2017; 126: 17-24

What’s the secret behind the benefits of whole-body vibration training in patients with COPD? A randomized, controlled trial

Gloeckl R, Jarosch I, Bengschc U, Claus M, Schneeberger T, Andrianopoulos V, Christle JW, Hitzl W, Kenn K
a Department of Respiratory Medicine & Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany b Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich

Background:  Several studies have shown that whole-body vibration training (WBVT) improves exercise capacity in patients with severe COPD. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of improved exercise capacity following WBVT.

Methods:  Seventy-four COPD patients (FEV1: 34 ± 9%predicted) were recruited during a 3-week inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. Conventional endurance and strength exercises were supplemented with self-paced dynamic squat training sessions (4bouts*2min, 3times/wk). Patients were randomly allocated to either a WBVT-group performing squat training on a side-alternating vibration platform (Galileo) at a high intensity (24–26 Hz) or a control group performing squat training without WBVT.

Results:  Patients in the WBVT group significantly improved postural balance in several domains compared to the control-group (i.e. tandem stance: WBVT +20% (95%CI 14 to 26) vs. control -10% (95%CI 6 to 15), p < 0.001; one-leg stance: WBVT +11% (95%CI 4 to 19) vs. control -8% (95%CI -19 to 3), p = 0.009). Six-minute walk distance and muscle power but not muscle strength were also significantly improved compared to control group.

Conclusions:  Implementation of WBVT improves postural balance performance and muscle power output. The neuromuscular adaptation related to improved balance performance may be an important mechanism of the improvement in exercise capacity after WBVT especially in COPD patients with impaired balance performance and low exercise capacity.

Galileo-Training helps MS

J Neurol Sci. 2016 Oct 15;369:96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.013. Epub 2016 Aug 5

 Vibration training improves disability status in multiple sclerosis: A pretest-posttest pilot study.

Yang F1, Estrada EF2, Sanchez MC2.

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week vibration training program on changing the disability level in people with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Twenty-five adults with clinically-confirmed MS underwent an 8-week vibration training on a side-alternating vibration platform. The vibration frequency and peak-to-peak displacement were set at 20Hz and 2.6mm, respectively. Prior to and following the training course, the disability status was assessed for all participants characterized by the Patient Determined Disability Steps (PDDS) and MS Functional Composite (MSFC) scores.

The training program significantly improved the PDDS (3.66±1.88 vs. 3.05±1.99, p=0.009) and the MSFC scores (0.00±0.62 vs 0.36±0.68, p<0.0001). All three MSFC components were improved: lower extremity function (9.37±4.92 vs. 8.13±4.08s, p=0.011), upper extremity function (dominant hand: 27.81±5.96 vs. 26.20±5.82s, p=0.053; non-dominant hand: 28.47±7.40 vs. 27.43±8.33s, p=0.059), and cognitive function (30.55±13.54 vs. 36.95±15.07 points, p=0.004).

Our findings suggested that vibration training could be a promising alternative modality to reduce the disability level among people with MS.

 

KEYWORDS:
Mobility; Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite; Patient Determined Disability Status; Side-alternating vibration Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27653872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.08.013

 

Galileo Training and Exercise Enhance Motor Function

Whole body vibration therapy with exercise enhances motor function and improves quality of life in Parkinson’s disease

Thursday, June 23, 2016

O.K. Gruder, D.Y. Edmonston, G.Q. Barr, C.G. Maitland (Tallahassee, FL, USA); Meeting: 20th International Congress;

Abstract Number: 2021

Objective: To evaluate the short term effects of whole body vibration and exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease on overall quality of life, gait, tremor, and postural instability using the GAITRite®System (CRI Systems Incorporated), Unified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale (UPDRS parts 2,3), Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and Healthy Days Measure (HRQOL-14).

Background: Pharmacologic intervention is the current standard of care for Parkinson’s disease (PD), yet medications frequently fail to control some symptoms, including tremor and postural instability, which degrade functional performance and quality of life. Non-pharmacological treatments, including Whole Body Vibration (WBV) and exercise therapy may reduce these symptoms. We combined basic exercise therapy with WBV in a six-week treatment regimen in order to evaluate their effect on symptoms and signs of PD, with careful attention to postural stability, gait, as well as quality of life measures.

Methods: 15 participants diagnosed with PD (stages 1-4) underwent 12 sessions of WBV combined with exercise therapy over 6 weeks.

Patients’ Demographics and Characteristics
Participant No. Gender Age (Years) Previous Level of Physical Activity* Pertinent PmHx** H & Y Staging (UPDRS Motor Score)
P01 F 74 Sedentary Titanium rod in left femur, spinal stenosis 1-3
P02 M 79 Sedentary Total knee replacement in right knee 4
P03 M 79 Moderate Physical Activity 1-3
P04 F 72 Sedentary 4
P05 M 69 Moderate Physical Activity 1-3
P06 M 83 Sedentary 1-3
P07 F 75 Moderate Physical Activity 1-3
P08 F Moderate Physical Activity 1-3
P09 F 66 Vigorous Physical Activity Previously broken left foot 1-3
P10 F 59 Sedentary Untreated torn rotator cuff, osteoporosis, sciatica 1-3
P11 F Sedentary Arthritic right knee 1-3
P12 M 77 Moderate Physical Activity 1-3
P13 M 79 Moderate Physical Activity Chronic neck and back pain 1-3
P14 F 69 Sedentary Arthritic right knee 1-3
P15 F 77 Moderate Physical Activity 1-3
P16 M Sedentary Compound vertebral fracture, valve replacement 4
P17 F 58 Moderate Physical Activity 1-3

*Level of physical activity were determined using CDC and ACSM guidelines **All surgeries, replacements were at least 6 months prior to enrolling in the study“. The WBV training included a lower body exercise regimen performed on a vibratory platform.

WBV and Exercise Regimen
Week Number Session Numbers Exercises Duration (Seconds) Frequency (Seconds[macr]1)
1 1,2 Squats and lunges (static and dynamic), tandem stance (twice on each side) 30 25
2 3,4 Squats, lunges and calf raises (static and dynamic), tandem stance (twice on each side) 45 25
3 5,6 Squats, lunges and calf raises (static and dynamic), tandem stance (twice on each side) 45 30
4 7,8 Squats, lunges and calf raises (static and dynamic), tandem stance (twice on each side) 60 30
5 9,10 Squats, lunges and calf raises (static and dynamic), tandem stance (twice on each side) 60 35
6 11,12 Squats, lunges and calf raises (static and dynamic), tandem stance (twice on each side) 60 35

Baseline measurements and 2 follow up data collection sessions (1 and 4 days after the final session) included an evaluation of gait via the GAITRite®System, UPDRS parts 2,3, Beck Depression Inventory, FSI, and HRQOL-14.

Results: A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine differences between baseline and both post-interventional examinations in all measured parameters. UPDRS scores decreased on average from 29.53(baseline) to 18.00(1 day post-intervention) and 17.53 (4 days post intervention), p<0.001. Both part 2 and 3 of the UPDRS showed statistically significant improvement.

uprs-motor

updrs-adl

Statistically significant improvement in both post-interventional examination for gait velocity, cadence, and double support time was also observed. No significant difference was observed for FSI, Beck Depression,

Conclusions: WBV combined with exercise therapy has significant effect on motoric performance, ADL related symptoms, and postural stability. This therapy has significant short-term effects.

To cite this abstract in AMA style:

O.K. Gruder, D.Y. Edmonston, G.Q. Barr, C.G. Maitland. Whole body vibration therapy with exercise enhances motor function and improves quality of life in Parkinson’s disease [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2016; 31 (suppl 2). http://www.mdsabstracts.org/abstract/whole-body-vibration-therapy-with-exercise-enhances-motor-function-and-improves-quality-of-life-in-parkinsons-disease/. Accessed September 30, 2016.

Stroke

Complications after a stroke affect not only individual muscles, but also their interaction, which is critical for posture and movement. In addition the loss of muscle strength and muscle power causes an altered perception of the body. Movements and muscle tone are disrupted, with little to no control over partial movement. Using Galileo the muscles can be trained and spasticity and muscle tone can effectively be controlled. Due to the high number of repetitions during Galileo Training residual functions are rapidly activated.

Condition Effects:

  • Improvement in chair rising test
  • Maintaining and improvement in muscle power and coordination
  • Improvement of posture and movement control
  • Faster activation of residual functions
  • Improvement in coordination and agility
  • Improvement in proprioception
  • Restoration of body symmetry by rhythmic right / left movement of the training platform
  • Improvement in balance reactions and response time, resulting in fall prevention
  • Prevention of immobility-related damage

Studies – Stroke

Galileo – Study Shows CP Improvement

A new clinical trial shows that adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP) enjoy stronger bones and greater mobility after training on a specialized vibration plate.

Researchers at the University of Auckland (New Zealand) and The Children’s Hospital at Westmead (Sydney, Australia) conducted a clinical trial in 40 participants (11.3–20.8 years of age) with mild to moderate CP to study whole-body vibration training (WBVT) effects on muscle function and bone health. Study participants underwent 20-week WBVT on a vibration plate for 9 minutes a day, 4 times a week. Assessment measures included a six-minute walk test, whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), lower leg peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans, and muscle function.
Dr. Silmara Gusso and the WBVT plate (Photo courtesy of the University of Auckland).
The patients stood barefoot on a special vibration plate that produced a see-saw movement, stimulating a movement similar to walking. The results showed that the 20 weeks of WBVT were associated with increased lean mass in the total body, trunk, and lower limbs. Bone mineral content and density also increased in the total body, the lumbar spine, and the lower limbs. Participants also improved the distance walked in the 6-minute walk test by 11 to 35%. The study was published on March 3, 2016, in Scientific Reports.

“We expected them to increase their bone mass and muscle mass, which is what happened. What we didn’t expect was that their day-to-day functioning would also improve,” said lead author Silmara Gusso, PhD. “The feedback from parents and caregivers about the changes they were noticing was especially encouraging: improved mood, greater maneuverability, and fewer falls. In a group with troublesome constipation vibration therapy was also unexpectedly beneficial.”

CP is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood, affecting two of 1,000 children, and usually appears at birth or in early infancy. Children with CP have impaired muscle function, reduced muscle and bone mass, and a higher-than-normal risk of bone fractures. Muscles that normally work in complementary action will simultaneously go into spasm, making movement difficult, and over time the muscles waste. Treatments to relieve the disorders’ effects are limited, and include botox injection, surgery, passive stretching, and injection of bisphosphonates to increase bone density.

 

WBV on physical function, bone and muscle mass in adolescents with CP

Sci Rep. 2016 Mar 3;6:22518. doi: 10.1038/srep22518.

Effects of whole-body vibration training on physical function, bone and muscle mass in adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy.

Gusso S1, Munns CF2, Colle P1, Derraik JG1, Biggs JB1, Cutfield WS1, Hofman PL1.

Abstract

Objective:  We performed a clinical trial on the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on muscle function and bone health of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy.

Participants:  Forty participants (11.3-20.8 years) with mild to moderate cerebral palsy (GMFCS II-III)

Methods:  Underwent 20-week WBVT on a vibration plate for 9 minutes/day 4 times/week at 20 Hz (without controls).  Assessments included 6-minute walk test, whole-body DXA, lower leg pQCT scans, and muscle function (force plate).

Results:  Twenty weeks of WBVT were associated with increased lean mass in the total body (+770 g; p = 0.0003), trunk (+410 g; p = 0.004), and lower limbs (+240 g; p = 0.012). Bone mineral content increased in total body (+48 g; p = 0.0001), lumbar spine (+2.7 g; p = 0.0003), and lower limbs (+13 g; p < 0.0001). Similarly, bone mineral density increased in total body (+0.008 g/cm(2); p = 0.013), lumbar spine (+0.014 g/cm(2); p = 0.003), and lower limbs (+0.023 g/cm(2); p < 0.0001). Participants reduced the time taken to perform the chair test, and improved the distance walked in the 6-minute walk test by 11% and 35% for those with GMFCS II and III, respectively.

Conclusion:  WBVT was associated with increases in muscle mass and bone mass and density, and improved mobility of adolescents and young adults with cerebral palsy.

SUMMARY STUDY:   In a group of 40 patients with cerebral palsy whole body vibration training improved time for chair rising test, and the distance in 6 min walking test by 11 and 35% respectively. Improvements were also found in muscle mass, bone mass and density and mobility.

Galileo in ICU


J Rehabil Med. 2016 Mar 1;48(3):316-21. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2052.

Whole-body vibration therapy in intensive care patients: A feasibility and safety study.

Boeselt T1, Nell C, Kehr K, Holland A, Dresel M, Greulich T, Tackenberg B, Kenn K, Boeder J, Klapdor B, Kirschbaum A, Vogelmeier C, Alter P, Koczulla R.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Admission to the intensive care unit is associated with sustained loss of muscle mass, reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Early rehabilitation measures may counteract this process. New approaches to rehabilitation while the patient remains in bed are whole-body vibration alone and whole-body vibration with a dumbbell. The aims of this study are to determine the safety of whole-body vibration for patientsadmitted to the intensive care unit, and to compare the effects of these techniques in intensive care unit patients and healthy subjects.

ICUPicture

METHODS:

Twelve intensive care unit patients and 12 healthy subjects using whole-body vibration for the first time were examined while lying in bed. First both groups performed whole body vibration over 3 min. In a second step whole body vibration with dumbbell was performed. In order to determine the safety of the training intensity, heart rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure were measured. The study was approved by the Marburg ethics committee.

RESULTS:

There were minor reversible and transient increases in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.005) and heart rate (p = 0.001) in the control group with whole-body vibration with a dumbbell. In intensive care patients receiving whole-body vibration alone, there were increases in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.011) and heart rate (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using whole-body vibration and whole-body vibration with a dumbbell for intensive care unit in-bed patients. No clinically significant safety problems were found. Whole-body vibration and whole-body vibration with a dumbbell might therefore be alternative methods for use in early in-bed rehabilitation, not only for hospitalized patients.

PMID: 26805786

WBV on UE Spasticity and Grip Strength with Post Stroke

Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Jan 29.

Short-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Combined with Task-Related Training on Upper Extremity Function, Spasticity, and Grip Strength in Subjects with Poststroke Hemiplegia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Lee JS1, Kim CY, Kim HD.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:   The aim of this study was to determine the effect of whole-body vibration training combined with task-related training on arm function, spasticity, and grip strength in subjects with poststroke hemiplegia.

DESIGN:  Forty-five subjects with post stroke were randomly allocated to 3 groups, each with 15 subjects as follows: control group, whole-body vibration group, and whole-body vibration plus task-related training group. Outcome was evaluated by clinical evaluation and measurements of the grip strength before and 4 weeks after intervention.

RESULTS:  Our results show that there was a significantly greater increase in the Fugl-Meyer scale, maximal grip strength of the affected hand, and grip strength normalized to the less affected hand in subjects undergoing the whole-body vibration training compared with the control group after the test. Furthermore, there was a significantly greater increase in the Wolf motor function test and a decrease in the modified Ashworth spasticity total scores in subjects who underwent whole-body vibration plus task-related training compared with those in the other 2 groups after the test.

CONCLUSIONS:  The findings indicate that the use of whole-body vibration training combined with task-related training has more benefits on the improvement of arm function, spasticity, and maximal grip strength than conventional upper limb training alone or with whole-body vibration in people with poststroke hemiplegia.

SUMMARY STUDY:   The study was performed in 45 subjects after stroke. Improvements were found in grip strength, spasticity, and arm function as determined in the Fugl-Mayer scale, the Ashworth scale and Wolf motor function test in the group with whole body vibration combined with task related arm training.

Figure 1

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is srep22518-f1.jpg
Performance of GMFCS II participants in the 6-minute walk test prior to (red) and after (blue) 20 weeks of whole-body vibration training.

Note that 34 participants started the tests, but only 21 and 22 reached the 400-metre mark at baseline and post-training, respectively. Data are means ± standard errors of the mean. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ****p < 0.0001 for baseline vs post-training.

Figure 2

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is srep22518-f2.jpg
Performance of GMFCS III participants in the 6-minute walk test prior to (red) and after (blue) 20 weeks of whole-body vibration training.

Six subjects started the tests, and the number of participants reaching a particular milestone is shown in the figure. Data are means ± standard errors of the mean. *p < 0.05 for baseline vs post-training.

Bill’s Fall Prevention using Galileo Therapy

Case report of Bill who at 86 (now 87, now 88, now 89, now 90, now 91, now 92) has improved his muscle power and force and has changed his life.

 

Click here to read his Testimonial BILL’S RESULTS   Bill Probasco Results

 

Don’t let age define who you are, 89 years old and still jumping!

 

Click here to read Why Galileo   Bill Probasco Results

 

Low-Magnitude Vibration Has No Effect

J Bone Miner Res. 2015 Jul;30(7):1319-28. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2448.

Low-Magnitude Mechanical Stimulation to Improve Bone Density in Persons of Advanced Age: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Kiel DP, Hannan MT, Barton BA, Bouxsein ML, Sisson E, Lang T, Allaire B, Dewkett D, Carroll D, Magaziner J, Shane E, Leary ET, Zimmerman S, Rubin CT.

Abstract

Nonpharmacologic approaches to preserve or increase bone mineral density (BMD) include whole-body vibration (WBV), but its efficacy in elderly persons is not clear. Therefore, we conducted the Vibration to Improve Bone in Elderly Subjects (VIBES) trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 10 minutes of daily WBV (0.3g at 37 Hz) in seniors recruited from 16 independent living communities. The primary outcomes were volumetric BMD of the hip and spine measured by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and biochemical markers of bone turnover. We randomized 174 men and women (89 active, 85 placebo) with T-scores -1 to -2.5 who were not taking bone active drugs and had no diseases affecting the skeleton (mean age 82 ± 7 years, range 65 to 102). Participants received daily calcium (1000 mg) and vitamin D (800 IU). Study platforms were activated using radio frequency ID cards providing electronic adherence monitoring; placebo platforms resembled the active platforms. In total, 61% of participants in the active arm and 73% in the placebo arm completed 24 months. The primary outcomes, median percent changes (interquartile range [IQR]) in total volumetric femoral trabecular BMD (active group (2.2% [-0.8%, 5.2%]) versus placebo 0.4% [-4.8%, 5.0%]) and in mid-vertebral trabecular BMD of L1 and L2 (active group (5.3% [-6.9%, 13.3%]) versus placebo (2.4% [-4.4%, 11.1%]), did not differ between groups (all p values > 0.1). Changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover (P1NP and sCTX) also were not different between groups (p = 0.19 and p = 0.97, respectively). In conclusion, this placebo-controlled randomized trial of daily WBV in older adults did not demonstrate evidence of significant beneficial effects on volumetric BMD or bone biomarkers; however, the high variability in vBMD changes limited our power to detect small treatment effects. The beneficial effects of WBV observed in previous studies of younger women may not occur to the same extent in elderly individuals.

Reduces Risk of Falls for Older Adults

J Biomech. 2015 Sep 18;48(12):3206-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.06.029. Epub 2015 Jul 6.

Controlled whole-body vibration training reduces risk of falls among community-dwelling older adults.

Yang F1, King GA2, Dillon L3, Su X4.

Abstract

Purpose:  The primary purpose of this study was to systematically examine the effects of an 8-week controlled whole-body vibration training on reducing the risk of falls among community-dwelling adults.

Methods:  Eighteen healthy elderlies received vibration training which was delivered on a side alternating vibration platform in an intermittent way: five repetitions of 1 min vibration followed by a 1 min rest. The vibration frequency and amplitude were 20 Hz and 3.0mm respectively. The same training was repeated 3 times a week, and the entire training lasted for 8 weeks for a total of 24 training sessions. Immediately prior to (or pre-training) and following (or post-training) the 8-week training course, all participants’ risk of falls were evaluated in terms of body balance, functional mobility, muscle strength and power, bone density, range of motion at lower limb joints, foot cutaneous sensation level, and fear of falling.

Results:  Our results revealed that the training was able to improve all fall risk factors examined with moderate to large effect sizes ranging between 0.55 and 1.26. The important findings of this study were that an 8-week vibration training could significantly increase the range of motion of ankle joints on the sagittal plane (6.4° at pre-training evaluation vs. 9.6° at post-training evaluation for dorsiflexion and 45.8° vs. 51.9° for plantar-flexion, p<0.05 for both); reduce the sensation threshold of the foot plantar surface (p<0.05); and lower the fear of falling (12.2 vs. 10.8, p<0.05).

Conclusion:  These findings could provide guidance to design optimal whole-body vibration training paradigm for fall prevention among older adults.

PMID: 26189095

Keywords: Cutaneous sensation; Fall prevention; Fear of falling; Hip fracture; Physical medicine; Range of motion; Side-alternating vibration

Galileo: Potential Non-pharmacological Therapy for Diabetes

J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2014 Jul;8(4):889-94. doi: 10.1177/1932296814536289. Epub 2014 May 21

The Effect of Whole Body Vibration on Skin Blood Flow and Nitric Oxide Production

Paula K. Johnson, MS; J. Brent Feland, PT, PhD; A. Wayne Johnson, PT, PhD; Gary W. Mack, PhD; Ulrike H. Mitchell, PT, PhD

Department of Exercise Sciences Brigham Young University, Provo, UT

Abstract

Background: Vascular dysfunction due to hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes is a
factor contributing to distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), a powerful vasodilator, resulting in reduced
circulation and nerve ischemia. Increases in blood NO concentrations and circulation have been
attributed to whole body vibration (WBV).

The purpose of this study was to the determine the effects of low frequency, low amplitude WBV on whole blood NO concentration and skin blood flow (SBF) in individuals with symptoms of DSP.

Research Design and Methods: Ten subjects with diabetes and impaired sensory
perception in the lower limbs participated in this cross-over study. Each submitted to two
treatment conditions, WBV and sham, with a one week washout period between. Blood draws
for NO analysis and Doppler laser image scans of SBF were performed before, immediately after and following a 5 minute recovery of each the treatments.

Mean Skin Blood Flow

Mean Skin Blood Flow

Results: Low frequency, low amplitude WBV vibration significantly increased skin blood
flow compared to the sham condition (F2,18=5.82, p=0.0115). Whole blood nitric oxide
concentrations did not differ between the WBV and sham condition immediately or 5 minutes
post-treatment (F2,18=1.88, p=0.1813)


Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that subjects with diabetes respond to whole
body vibration with increased skin blood flow compared to sham condition. The implication is
that WBV is a potential non-pharmacological therapy for neurovascular complications of
diabetes.

 

ACL rehabilitation time cut 50% with Galileo

J Sports Sci Med, 2014; 13(3): 580-9, PMID: 25177185 external link

Whole Body Vibration Exercise Protocol versus a Standard Exercise Protocol after ACL Reconstruction:

A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial with Short Term Follow-Up.

Berschin G, Sommer B, Behrens A, Sommer HM
Department of Sports Science and Motology, Philipps-University Marburg , Marburg, Germany.

Abstract

The suitability and effectiveness of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise in rehabilitation after injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was studied using a specially designed WBV protocol. We wanted to test the hypothesis if WBV leads to superior short term results regarding neuromuscular performance (strength and coordination) and would be less time consuming than a current standard muscle strengthening protocol. In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, forty patients who tore their ACL and underwent subsequent ligament reconstruction were enrolled. Patients were randomized to the whole body vibration (n=20) or standard rehabilitation exercise protocol (n=20). Both protocols started in the 2(nd) week after surgery. Isometric and isokinetic strength measurements, clinical assessment, Lysholm score, neuromuscular performance were conducted weeks 2, 5, 8 and 11 after surgery. Time spent for rehabilitation exercise was reduced to less than a half in the WBV group. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of clinical assessment, Lysholm score, isokinetic and isometric strength. The WBV group displayed significant better results in the stability test.

In conclusion, preliminary data indicate that our whole body vibration muscle exercise protocol seems to be a good alternative to a standard exercise program in ACL-rehabilitation. Despite of its significant reduced time requirement it is at least equally effective compared to a standard rehabilitation protocol.

Key points In this prospective randomized controlled clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis if WBV leads to superior short term results regarding neuromuscular performance (strength and coordination) and would be less time consuming than a current standard muscle strengthening protocol in forty patients who underwent ACL reconstruction.

Patient standing on the WBV platform in week 11 after surgery performing exercise in the preconditioned body posture with additional load.

Patient standing on the WBV platform in week 11 after surgery performing exercise in the preconditioned body posture with additional load.

Time spent for rehabilitation exercise was reduced to less than a half in the WBV group as compared to the standard exercise group. Both protocols showed no differences regarding clinical assessment, Lysholm score, isokinetic and isometric strength. Despite a more than 50% reduction in time spent for exercise sessions, the WBV group achieved significant better results in the stability test.

In conclusion, the presented WBV program can be considered as a practical alternative to a standard exercise program during ACL-rehabilitation.

Doc-ID: 3623

Whole body vibration training in patients with COPD: A systematic review.

Chron Respir Dis, 2015; (): , PMID: 25904085 external link

Gloeckl R, Heinzelmann I, Kenn K
Department of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Schoen Klinik Berchtesgadener Land, Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany rainer.gloeckl@gmx.de.

Abstract

In recent years, several studies have shown that whole body vibration training (WBVT) may be a beneficial training mode in a variety of chronic diseases and conditions such as osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, or chronic low back pain. However, a systematic review on the effects of WBVT in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been performed yet.

An extensive literature search was performed using various electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and PEDro). They were searched from inception until September 20, 2014, using key words like “COPD” and “whole body vibration training.” A total of 91 studies could be identified and were screened for relevance by two independent reviewers. Six studies were included in a qualitative analysis.

Trials studied either the effects of WBVT versus an inactive control group, versus sham WBVT, during an acute COPD exacerbation or as a modality on top of conventional endurance and strength training.

All randomized trials reported a significantly superior benefit on exercise capacity (6-minute walking distance) in favor of the WBVT group. Although there are only few studies available, there is some preliminary evidence that WBVT may be an effective exercise modality to improve functional exercise capacity in patients with COPD.

Spinal Cord Injury

Galileo side-alternating vibration is a powerful tool after neural injury that promotes early mobilization from a laying to vertical position.  It is an easy-to-use tool that compliments standard therapies with the goal of optimizing muscle recovery and plasticity without overground training.  Galileo-Training prior to walking in many people improves their waking results.

Galileo works by putting muscles through thousands of reflexive muscle contractions in minutes DIRECTLY through the afferent & efferent nervous system engaging both small and large antagonistic muscles.  The high repetition rate provides efficient therapy with little stress on the cardiovascular system in 12-15 minutes resulting in an unparalleled rapid change in the tone of the muscles being utilized and neuromuscular function.

Results are often visibly evident after 2-3 weeks of training in therapy three times a week or, at home for more intense training twice-a-day morning and evening.     

Condition Effects:

  • Stimulation of muscles
  • Reduction of spasticity and management due to neuronal fatigue
  • Stimulation of the neurological system (both afferent and efferent nerves)
  • Stimulation of large muscle chains in a physiological pattern due to Galileo’s “side-alternating” movement pattern similar to the human gait
  • Improvement of intramuscular coordination
  • Improvement of balance, muscle function, force and power
  • Improvement in blood circulation and the lymphatic system
  • Improvement of blood flow
  • Higher bone mass and osteoporosis prevention
  • Back pain treatment and prevention
  • Combination of vibration and muscle training in a laying, sitting, and standing position